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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

(RULE 14a-101)

SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

(Amendment No.    )

Filed by the Registrant  x                            Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ¨

Check the appropriate box:

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proxy statement 2016 AND NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS more connected how Paychex makes clients more connected to their employees, their businesses PAYCHEX®

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NOTICE OF 2016 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

Wednesday, October 12, 2016 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time*

The Strong, One Manhattan Square, Rochester, NY 14607

*A continental breakfast will be available from 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time

The principal business of the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) will be:

Stockholders are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting. Stockholders of record at the close of business on August 15, 2016 will be entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting and at any adjournments or postponements thereof.

If you are unable to attend the Annual Meeting, you will be able to listen to the meeting via the Internet. We will broadcast the Annual Meeting as a live webcast through our website. Please note that you will not be able to vote or ask questions through the webcast. The webcast will be accessible at http://investor.paychex.com/webcasts and will remain available for replay for approximately one month following the meeting.

By Order of the Board of Directors

Stephanie L. Schaeffer

Corporate Secretary

September 9, 2016

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Welcome to the Paychex, Inc. 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

VOTE YOUR SHARES

HOW TO VOTE

Your vote is very important and we hope that you will attend the Annual Meeting. You are eligible to vote if you were a stockholder of record at the close of business on August 15, 2016. Please read the proxy statement and vote right away using any of the following methods.

Stockholders of Record:

Make sure to have your proxy card or voting instruction card in hand and follow the instructions.

Beneficial Stockholders:

If you are a beneficial stockholder, you will receive instructions from your bank, broker, or other nominee that you must follow in order for your shares to be voted. Many of these institutions offer telephone and online voting. If you wish to vote in person at the annual meeting, you will need to obtain a legal proxy from your bank, broker, or other nominee to present when voting.

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PROXY STATEMENT SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this proxy statement. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider and you should read the entire proxy statement before voting. For more complete information regarding the performance of Paychex, Inc. (the “Company” or “Paychex”) for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 (“fiscal 2016”), please review the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal 2016.

Paychex, Inc. 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

Meeting Agenda and Voting Matters

Fiscal 2016 Business Highlights

Paychex has also focused on returning value to our stockholders and continued with shareholder-friendly actions during fiscal 2016. In July 2015, the Company increased its quarterly dividend by 11% to $0.42 per share. In July 2016, the Company again increased its quarterly dividend by $0.04 per share, or 10%, to $0.46 per share. The Company continued to repurchase its common stock opportunistically and in fiscal 2016 purchased 2.2 million shares for $107.9 million.

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Note: Dividends as a percentage of net income for fiscal 2016 are calculated on net income, excluding a discrete item for a net tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2016 derived from prior years’ income from customer-facing software we produced.

Pay-for-Performance

Key pay-for-performance events related to named executive officer compensation that were tied to Company performance for fiscal 2016 were:

For more information on compensation for our named executive officers, and how it ties to performance, refer to the Compensation Discussion and Analysis and Named Executive Officer Compensation sections of this proxy statement.

Additional Information

Please refer to the Frequently Asked Questions section beginning on page 52 for important information about proxy materials, voting, annual meeting procedures, Company documents, communications, and the deadlines to submit shareholder proposals for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Additionally, questions may be directed to Investor Relations at (800) 828-4411 or by written request to 911 Panorama Trail South, Rochester, NY 14625, Attention: Investor Relations. General information regarding the meeting and links to key documents can be found on the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders web page at http://investor.paychex.com/annual-meeting.aspx.

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PROXY STATEMENT

Paychex, Inc.

911 Panorama Trail South

Rochester, NY 14625

Paychex, Inc. (“Paychex,” the “Company,” “we,” or “our ”), a Delaware corporation, is furnishing this proxy statement to stockholders in connection with the solicitation of proxies on behalf of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”). This proxy statement summarizes information concerning the matters to be presented at the Annual Meeting and related information to help stockholders make an informed vote. Distribution of this proxy statement and a form of proxy to stockholders is scheduled to begin on or about September 9, 2016.

PROPOSAL 1: ELECTION OF DIRECTORS FOR A ONE-YEAR TERM

The Board is elected by the stockholders to oversee the overall success of the Company, review its operational and financial capabilities, and periodically assess its long-term strategic objectives. The Board serves as the ultimate decision-making body of the Company, except for those matters reserved to stockholders. The Board selects and oversees the members of senior management, who are charged by the Board with conducting the day-to-day business of the Company. The Board acts as an advisor to senior management and ultimately monitors management’s performance.

Election Process

The Company’s By-Laws provide for the annual election of directors. The By-Laws provide that each director shall be elected by a majority of the votes cast for the director at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present. If a nominee that is an incumbent director does not receive a required majority of the votes cast, the director shall offer to tender his or her resignation to the Board. The Governance and Compensation Committee (the “G&C Committee”) shall consider such offer and will make a recommendation to the Board on whether to accept or reject the resignation, or whether other action should be taken. The Board will consider the G&C Committee’s recommendation and will determine whether to accept such offer.

2016 Nominees for Director

At the 2016 Annual Meeting, there are nine nominees for election as director, as listed on the following pages. Each of the nominees is a current member of the Board, having been elected by the stockholders at the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. The nine persons listed have been nominated for election to the Board by the Company’s G&C Committee. The nominees, with the exception of Mr. Golisano and Mr. Mucci, are independent under both the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) and Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) director independence standards. If elected, each nominee will hold office until his or her successor is elected and has qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal. We believe that all of the nominees will be available to serve as a director. However, if any nominee should become unable to serve, the persons named in the enclosed proxy may exercise discretionary authority to vote for substitute nominees proposed by the Board.

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The Board believes that the combination of the various qualifications, skills, and experience of the 2016 director nominees will continue to contribute to an effective and well-functioning Board. We have provided biographical information on each of the nominees. Included within this information, we identify and describe the key experience, qualifications, and skills our directors bring to the Board that are important in light of our business and structure.

Summary of Director Nominees

The Board is committed to ensuring that it is composed of a highly capable group of directors, with a broad-range of experience, who are well-equipped to oversee the success of the business and effectively represent the interests of stockholders. The G&C Committee believes that all directors should: possess the highest personal and professional ethics; share the values of the Company; have relevant experience; be accomplished in their field; and show innovative and sound business judgment. The Board has identified particular qualifications, attributes, skills and experience that are important to be represented on the Board as a whole, in light of the Company’s business and current needs. The Board believes the combination of the various qualifications, attributes, skills, and experience of the director nominees contribute to a well-functioning and effective Board.

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED MAY 31, 2016

Director compensation is set by the G&C Committee and approved by the Board. The Board’s authority cannot be delegated to another party. The Company’s management does not play a role in setting Board compensation. The Company compensates the independent directors of the Board using a combination of cash and equity-based compensation. Martin Mucci, President and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), receives no compensation for his services as director. Rather, the compensation received by Mr. Mucci in his role as President and CEO is shown in the Fiscal 2016 Summary Compensation Table, contained in the Named Executive Officer Compensation section of this proxy statement.

The table below presents the total compensation received from the Company by all directors except Mr. Mucci for fiscal year ended May 31, 2016 (“fiscal 2016”).

Fees Earned or Paid in Cash (Column (b))

The amounts reported in this column reflect the annual cash compensation paid to the directors during fiscal 2016, whether or not such fees were deferred. Annual cash compensation for directors is comprised solely of annual retainers, which are paid in quarterly installments. These retainers are paid for participation on the Board with separate retainers for committee membership. In addition to their committee membership retainers, the chairs of the Audit Committee and G&C Committee receive retainers in recognition for their time contributed in preparation for committee meetings. The annual retainers in effect for fiscal 2016 are as follows:

Mr. Golisano, who is not an independent director, receives an annual retainer of $300,000 for his services as Chairman of the Board, paid in quarterly installments.

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Equity Awards: Stock Awards (Column (c)) and Option Awards (Column (d))

The amounts reported in these columns reflect the grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards and option awards, respectively, granted to each director, and do not reflect whether the recipient has actually received a financial gain from these awards (such as a lapse in the restrictions on a restricted stock award or by exercising stock options). For fiscal 2016, the equity-based compensation structure for independent directors was based on a total value of approximately $125,000 per director, with approximately 50% awarded in the form of stock options and 50% in the form of restricted stock. In July 2015, all independent directors received an annual equity award under the Paychex, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated October 13, 2010, composed of the following:

As of May 31, 2016, each director had the following equity awards outstanding:

Deferred Compensation Plan

We maintain a non-qualified and unfunded deferred compensation plan in which all independent directors are eligible to participate. Directors may elect to defer up to 100% of their Board cash compensation. The Company does not contribute to this plan. Gains and losses are credited based on the participant’s selection of a variety of designated investment choices, which the participant may change at any time. We do not match any participant deferral or guarantee a certain rate of return. The interest rates earned on these investments are not above-market or preferential. Refer to the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation table and discussion within the Named Executive Officer Compensation section of this proxy statement for a listing of investment funds available to participants and the annual rates of return on those funds. During fiscal 2016, no independent directors deferred compensation under the plan.

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Benefits

We reimburse each director for expenses associated with attendance at Board and committee meetings.

Stock Ownership Guidelines

The G&C Committee set stock ownership guidelines for our independent directors with a value of five times his or her annual Board retainer, not including any committee retainers. The ownership guidelines were established to provide long-term alignment with stockholders’ interests. The independent directors are expected to attain the ownership guideline within five years after the later of first becoming a director or the initial adoption of the guideline. Directors must hold underlying stock received through restricted stock awards until their service on the Board is complete, with the exception of those shares sold as necessary to satisfy tax obligations. For the purpose of achieving the ownership guideline, restricted stock awarded to the directors is included. All independent directors are compliant with the stock ownership guidelines.

Prohibition on Hedging or Speculating In Company Stock

Directors must adhere to strict standards with regards to trading in Paychex stock. Also, the Company prohibits directors from hedging Paychex stock. They may not, among other things:

Pledging of Company Stock

During fiscal 2016, the Company approved a pledging policy for all Paychex directors, officers, and employees. This policy prohibits pledging Company securities as collateral for a loan or a line of credit without obtaining prior Company approval. Approval may be granted when the individual clearly demonstrates the intent and financial capacity to satisfy the obligations without resort to the pledged securities and where the total pledge represents no more than 25% of the pledgor’s beneficial ownership interest in the Company. This policy is effective prospectively. The Company’s pledging policy is posted on the Company’s website at http://investor.paychex.com/governance.

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BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF PAYCHEX COMMON STOCK

The following table contains information, as of July 31, 2016, on the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock by:

Under the rules of the SEC, “beneficial ownership” is deemed to include shares for which the individual, directly or indirectly, has or shares voting or disposition power, whether or not they are held for the individual’s benefit, and includes shares that may be acquired within 60 days by exercise of options. This information is based upon reports filed by such persons with the SEC.

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Equity Compensation Plans Information

The Company maintains equity compensation plans in the form of stock incentive plans. Under the Paychex, Inc. 2002 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “2002 Plan”), non-qualified or incentive stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, and performance stock options have been awarded to employees and the Board. The latest restatement of the 2002 Plan was adopted on July 8, 2015 by the Board and became effective upon stockholder approval at the Company’s Annual Meeting of Stockholders held on October 14, 2015. More information on the Company’s stock incentive plans is available in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following table details information on securities authorized for issuance under the Company’s stock incentive plans as of May 31, 2016:

SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires directors, executive officers, and beneficial owners of more than 10% of the Company’s common stock to file reports of their ownership and changes in their ownership of the Company’s equity securities with the SEC. Based solely on our review of information supplied to the Company and filings made with the SEC, the Company believes that during fiscal 2016, its directors, executive officers, and greater than 10% beneficial owners have complied in a timely manner with all applicable Section 16 filing requirements.

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CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The Board recognizes the fundamental principle that good corporate governance is critical to organizational success and the protection of stockholder value. As such, the Board has adopted a set of Corporate Governance Guidelines as a statement of principles guiding the Board’s conduct. These principles are intended to be interpreted in the context of all applicable laws and the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, as amended, and other governing documents. A copy of these guidelines can be found on our website at: http://investor.paychex.com/governance.

Board Leadership Structure

The Board’s current leadership structure is comprised of:

The Board believes this structure provides a well-functioning and effective balance between strong Company leadership and appropriate safeguards and oversight by independent directors. The Board currently separates the role of Chairman of the Board from the CEO. We believe that the Company is best served by having a Chairman who has in-depth knowledge of the Company’s operations and the industry, but is not involved in the day-to-day operations of the Company. Mr. Golisano’s extensive experience as founder and former CEO qualifies him to lead the Board, particularly as it focuses on strategic risks and opportunities facing the Company.

Our Lead Independent Director has responsibility for conducting regularly scheduled executive sessions of the independent directors and such other responsibilities as the independent directors may assign. Regularly scheduled executive sessions of the independent members of the Board, without members of management present, are held in conjunction with meetings of the Board. As appropriate, matters presented to the Board by the G&C Committee are reviewed and discussed in executive session by the independent directors.

The Board and its standing committees that meet regularly conduct annual self-evaluations to assess the qualifications, attributes, skills, and experience represented on the Board and to determine whether the Board and its committees are functioning effectively.

Board Oversight of Risk

One of the most important functions of the Board is oversight of risks inherent in the operation of the Company’s business. Senior management is responsible for the day-to-day management of risks facing the Company. The Board implements its risk oversight function both as a whole and through delegation to Board committees. The Board receives regular reports from officers on particular risks to the Company, reviews the Company’s strategic plan, and regularly communicates with its committees. The Board committees, which meet regularly and report back to the full Board, play significant roles in carrying out the risk management function. In general, the committees oversee the following risks:

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The G&C Committee regularly reviews the risks and rewards associated with our compensation programs. The programs are designed with features that mitigate risk without diminishing the incentive nature of the compensation. As part of its risk oversight, the G&C Committee conducts an annual assessment of risks arising from the Company’s compensation programs. The G&C Committee reviewed such programs with its independent compensation consultant. The G&C Committee’s assessment included identification of risk with the various forms of compensation, the inherent risk in performance-based compensation metrics, and existing risk mitigation controls. Risk mitigation includes, but is not limited to, the balance of fixed and variable compensation, the balance of short- and long-term compensation, stock ownership guidelines, level of oversight, and controls over financial reporting. Based on this review, the G&C Committee concluded that the Company’s compensation policies and procedures are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Board Meetings and Committees

Our Corporate Governance Guidelines require that our Board meet at least four times per year. The Board held five meetings in fiscal 2016. To the extent practicable, directors are expected to attend all Board meetings and meetings of the committees on which they serve. During fiscal 2016, each director attended 100% of the Board meetings and committee meetings on which the director served. Directors are expected to attend the Company’s Annual Meetings of Stockholders. All of our current directors attended the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. All directors are independent within the meaning of applicable SEC and NASDAQ director independence standards, with the exception of Mr. Golisano and Mr. Mucci.

The Board has established five standing committees with the following responsibilities and director assignments:

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The Audit, Investment, G&C, and Corporate Development Advisory Committees’ responsibilities are more fully described in each committee’s charter adopted by the Board, which are accessible on the Company’s website at http://investor.paychex.com/governance.

Nomination Process

The G&C Committee is responsible for recommending candidates to the full Board to either fill vacancies or stand for election at each annual meeting of stockholders. The committee follows the Board’s Nomination Policy, which is included in the G&C Committee Charter. The Board does not have a formal policy regarding diversity. However, the Board has determined that it is necessary for the continued success of the Company to ensure that the Board is composed of individuals having a variety of complementary experience, education, training, and relationships relevant to the then-current needs of the Board and the Company.

In evaluating candidates for nomination to the Board, including candidates for nomination recommended by a stockholder, the Nomination Policy requires G&C Committee members to consider the contribution that a candidate for nomination would be expected to make to the Board and the Company. This is based upon the current composition and needs of the Board, and the candidate’s demonstrated business judgment, leadership abilities, integrity, prior experience, education, training, relationships, and other factors that the Board determines relevant. In identifying candidates for nomination to fill vacancies created by the expiration of the term of any incumbent director, the Nomination Policy requires G&C Committee members to determine whether such incumbent director is willing to stand for re-election and, if so, to take into consideration the value to the Board and to the Company of their continuity and familiarity with the Company’s business. The Board has previously used a third-party search firm to identify director candidates and the G&C Committee is authorized by its charter to continue this practice.

The Nomination Policy requires the G&C Committee to consider candidates for nomination to the Board recommended by any reasonable source, including stockholders. Stockholders who wish to do so may recommend candidates for nomination by identifying such candidates and providing relevant biographical information in written communications to the Chairman of the G&C Committee in accordance with the policy described in the section entitled “Communications with the Board of Directors.”

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Policy on Transactions with Related Persons

Related persons include our executive officers, directors, director nominees, and holders of more than 5% of the Company’s common stock, as well as their immediate family members. It is generally the Company’s practice to avoid transactions with related persons. However, there may be occasions when a transaction with a related person is in the best interest of the Company. The Company’s policies and procedures for review and approval of related-person transactions appear in the Company’s Standards of Conduct, Conflict of Interest, and Employment of Relatives Standards, which are internally distributed, and in the Company’s Code of Business Ethics and Conduct, which is posted on the Company’s website at http://investor.paychex.com/governance.

Officers are required to disclose any potential conflicts of interest or related-party transactions, which include: certain financial interests in or relationships with any supplier, customer, partner, subcontractor, or competitor; and engaging in any activity that could create the appearance of a conflict of interest, including financial involvement or dealings with employees or representatives of the types of entities listed above. Annually, officers and directors complete a Director’s and Officer’s Questionnaire, within which they provide information regarding whether the individual or any member of their immediate family had any interest in any actual or proposed transaction with the Company or any of its subsidiaries where the amount involved exceeded $120,000. The individuals are also asked about any other economic relationships that might be conflicts of interest. The responses are reviewed by our Financial Reporting and Legal Departments to determine if a conflict of interest exists related to any such transaction. For officers, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) oversees the review of such transactions.

Members of the Board are required to disclose to the Chairman of the Board or the Chairman of the G&C Committee any situation that involves, or may reasonably be expected to involve, a conflict of interest with the Company. This includes engaging in any conduct or activities that would impair the Company’s relationship with any person or entity with which the Company has or proposes to enter into a business or contractual relationship.

The Financial Reporting department annually reviews the Company’s listing of related parties for determination of potential related-person transactions that should be disclosed in the Company’s periodic reports or under United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and SEC rules or proxy materials under SEC rules. The G&C Committee is required to consider all questions of possible conflicts of interest of Board members and executive officers, including review and approval of transactions of the Company in excess of $120,000 in which a director, executive officer, or an immediate family member of a director or executive officer has an interest. The factors considered by the G&C Committee in their review, include: the business objective of the transaction; the individual’s involvement in the transaction; whether the transaction would impact the judgment of the officer or director to act in the best interest of the Company; and any other matters the G&C Committee deems appropriate. For fiscal 2016, no instances of conflict or non-compliance have occurred. Should a conflict of interest be identified, relevant information and circumstances would be reviewed to determine if action is required relative to continuing the arrangement.

For fiscal 2016, the following transactions in excess of $120,000 were identified and communicated to the G&C Committee:

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Governance and Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

None of the members of the G&C Committee were at any time during fiscal 2016, or at any other time, an officer or employee of the Company. Mr. Tucci, a member of the Board, is Chairman of the G&C Committee, and is also an executive of EMC Corporation. As previously noted, the Company purchases data processing equipment and software from EMC Corporation. During fiscal 2016, no member of the G&C Committee or Board was an executive officer of another entity on whose compensation committee or board of directors an executive officer of Paychex served.

Communications with the Board of Directors

The Board has established procedures to enable stockholders and other interested parties to communicate in writing with the Board, including the chairman of any standing committee of the Board. Written communications should be clearly marked: “Stockholder and Other Interested Parties — Board Communication” and be mailed to Paychex, Inc. at 911 Panorama Trail South, Rochester, New York 14625-2396, Attention: Corporate Secretary. In the case of communications intended for committee chairmen, the specific committee must be identified. Any such communications that do not identify a standing committee will be forwarded to the Board. The Corporate Secretary will promptly forward all stockholder and other interested party communications to the Board or to the appropriate standing committee of the Board, as the case may be.

CODE OF BUSINESS ETHICS AND CONDUCT

The Company has a Code of Business Ethics and Conduct that applies to all of its directors, officers, and employees. The Company requires all of its directors, officers, and employees to adhere to this code in addressing legal and ethical issues that they encounter in the course of doing their work. This code requires our directors, officers, and employees to avoid conflicts of interest, comply with all laws and regulations, conduct business in an honest and ethical manner, and otherwise act with integrity and in the Company’s best interest. All newly hired employees are required to certify that they have reviewed and understand this code. In addition, each year all employees are reminded of and asked to affirmatively acknowledge their obligation to follow the code. The Code of Business Ethics and Conduct is available for review on the Company’s website at http://investor.paychex.com/governance. The Company intends to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of its Code of Business Ethics and Conduct that relates to any element of the code of ethics definition enumerated in Item 406 of Regulation S-K by posting such information on its website at the address specified above.

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PROPOSAL 2: ADVISORY VOTE TO APPROVE NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION

We are asking our stockholders to provide advisory approval of the compensation of our NEOs. This proposal, commonly known as a “say-on-pay” proposal, gives our stockholders an opportunity to express their views on the overall compensation of our NEOs and the philosophy, policies, and practices as described in this proxy statement. Our stockholders are given the opportunity to vote, on a non-binding, advisory basis, on say-on-pay proposals annually, with the next opportunity to vote on such a proposal being the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Before you vote, we encourage you to read the CD&A and Named Executive Officer Compensation sections of this proxy statement, which provide detailed information on the Company’s compensation policies and practices, and overall compensation of our NEOs.

Compensation Programs Highlights

Our executive compensation programs are designed to attract, motivate, and retain highly qualified NEOs, who are critical to our success. We strongly believe that our executive compensation — both pay opportunities and pay actually realized — should be tied to Company performance. Under our compensation programs, the NEOs are rewarded for the achievement of specific annual and longer-term strategic and financial goals of the Company. Some key aspects of our compensation programs that you should consider are:

In addition, we have responsible compensation practices that ensure consistent leadership and decision-making, certain of which are intended to mitigate risk. These include:

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Results of the 2015 Say-on-Pay Vote

At the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders held in October 2015, over 96% of the total stockholder votes cast were in favor of the Company’s NEO compensation as presented in our 2015 proxy statement. The G&C Committee considered this favorable outcome and believed it conveyed our stockholders’ support of the committee’s decisions and the existing executive compensation programs. As we evaluated our compensation practices and talent needs throughout fiscal 2016, we remained mindful of the strong support for our compensation policies and practices communicated by our stockholders at the last annual meeting. As a result, the G&C Committee retained the core design of our executive compensation programs as it believes the program continues to attract, retain, and provide appropriate incentive for senior management.

Advisory Vote

The G&C Committee, along with the Board, believe that the policies, procedures, and amounts of compensation discussed here, and described further in this proxy statement, are effective in achieving the desired goals of aligning our executive compensation structure with the interests of our stockholders. To indicate approval of our NEO compensation, a majority of the shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Annual Meeting must be voted for the proposal.

This say-on-pay vote is advisory and therefore is not binding on the Company, the G&C Committee, or our Board. Our Board values the opinions of our stockholders and, to the extent that there is any significant vote against the NEO compensation as disclosed in this proxy statement, we will consider our stockholders’ concerns and the G&C Committee will evaluate whether actions are necessary to address these concerns.

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COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The CD&A provides you with a description of our executive compensation policies and programs, the decisions made by the G&C Committee regarding executive compensation, and the factors contributing to those decisions. This discussion focuses on the compensation of our NEOs for fiscal 2016, who were:

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Executive Summary

Business and Financial Highlights

Our mission is to be the leading provider of payroll, human resource, insurance, and benefits outsourcing by being an essential partner with America’s businesses. We believe success in this mission will lead to strong long-term financial performance.

Our executive compensation is tied to financial and operational performance and is intended to drive sustained, long-term increases in stockholder value. We delivered solid financial results for fiscal 2016. Reported financial results for fiscal 2016 and the respective growth percentages compared to the fiscal year ended May 31, 2015 (“fiscal 2015”) were as follows:

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Fiscal 2016 Actions Related to Long-Term Strategy: The table below discusses fiscal 2016 performance as it relates to the key areas of focus that comprise our long-term strategy.

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Return to Stockholders: The value we return to our stockholders is very important to us. During fiscal 2016, we returned over $700 million to our stockholders through dividends and repurchases of outstanding shares of our common stock.

Note: Dividends as a percentage of net income for fiscal 2016 are calculated on net income, excluding a discrete item for a net tax benefit recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2016 derived from prior years’ income from customer-facing software we produced.

Paychex continues to pay substantial dividends to our stockholders, in excess of 80% of our net income. In July 2015, the Board approved an 11% increase in our quarterly dividend to $0.42 per share, up from $0.38 per share. In July 2016, the Board again approved an increase in our quarterly dividend of $0.04 per share, or 10%, to $0.46 per share. In May 2014, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $350 million of our common stock, with the authorization expiring May 31, 2017. During fiscal 2016, we repurchased 2.2 million shares for $107.9 million. In July 2016, we announced that our Board authorized the repurchase of up to $350 million of our common stock, with the authorization expiring May 31, 2019.

The following chart shows how a $100 investment in the Company’s common stock on May 31, 2011 would have grown to $202 as of May 31, 2016, with dividends reinvested quarterly. The chart also compares the total stockholder return on the Company’s common stock to the same investment in the S&P 500 Index over the same period, with dividends reinvested quarterly. For Paychex, this represents a total of 102% return, or 15% on an annualized basis.

For more information about our fiscal 2016 business results, see the section of our Fiscal 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

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How Pay is Tied to Company Performance

Our executive compensation programs are designed to ensure that the interests of the Company’s senior leaders are appropriately aligned with those of its stockholders by rewarding performance that meets established business and individual goals. Key features of the program that tie to Company performance are:

The pay mix at target for our CEO and other NEOs for fiscal 2016 is displayed below.

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Mr. Mucci became CEO in September 2010 and recently completed his fifth fiscal year in as CEO. The following illustrates the trend in Company performance, based on two of our key financial metrics, and the total reported compensation of our CEO over his five-year tenure.

Amounts realized in fiscal 2016 related to performance-based compensation programs for fiscal 2016 and prior years included the following:

Refer to the section entitled “Elements of Compensation” and the subsections of “Annual Officer Performance Incentive Program” and “Equity-Based Compensation” within this CD&A for a more detailed discussion of variable compensation, performance targets established, and actual results against those targets.

A significant portion of reported compensation is an incentive for future performance and realizable only if the Company meets or exceeds the applicable performance measures, or is based on the Company’s stock price performance. Long-term equity-based incentives make up the largest component of pay for the NEOs. For the CEO, Mr. Mucci, this accounts for 64% of his target compensation. The main difference between reported compensation in the Summary Compensation Table and compensation realized is in the value of equity awards. In reported compensation, equity-based awards are included in the year granted at grant-date fair value. The amount that can be realized upon exercise of stock options or vesting of restricted stock awards can differ significantly from the amounts initially reported in the year of grant.

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The following table illustrates how the equity-based awards granted to Mr. Mucci in the last three fiscal years were tracking as of May 31, 2016.